Human intelligence and autonomy …
… instead of control by IT and AI or: From Norbert Wiener’s cybernetics to Chat GPT.
The starting point for discussions about supposedly “intelligent” technical systems were ten interdisciplinary Macy Conferences from 1946 to 1953. The aim of these conferences was to develop a universal science that could be used to describe the functioning of both the human brain and electronic systems (especially computers). Now these systems are being taught in schools as AI.
By Ralf Lankau, published in: Fromm Forum (German edition, 2025, Tübingen)